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MARKETS / GLOSSARY / RETURN ON ASSETS

Return on assets

Return on assets is profit per dollar of everything the company controls, borrowed or owned — how productive the asset base itself is, ignoring who financed it. It is usually written ROA.

Definition

How it is computed here

Formulanet income ÷ average total assets
UnitRatio (shown as %)
PeriodOne fiscal year, as reported
SourceExtracted from SEC filings; every value on an asset page carries the accounting tag and the filing it came from
Identifierroa
The inputs

What goes into the formula

Net incomeThe bottom line for the fiscal year, after every cost, interest payment and tax. A full year's worth of earning, which is what makes the balance below an awkward counterpart.
Total assets, this year and lastEverything on the left side of the balance sheet, at both year-ends. The average of the two is used, for the same reason as in return on equity: a year's profit against one day's balance is a mismatch.

A formula without its inputs explained is decoration. Where an input is missing from a filing, the metric is left empty here rather than completed with a zero or an estimate.

Worked example

How to calculate return on assets, step by step

The same company as the ROE example, now including what it borrowed.

Net income$276M
Total assets at the start$5,600M
Total assets at the end$6,000M
Average equity, from the ROE entry$1,900M
  1. Average total assets = (5,600 + 6,000) ÷ 2 = $5,800M.
  2. ROA = 276 ÷ 5,800 = 0.048 = 4.8%.
  3. ROE was 14.5%. The gap between 4.8% and 14.5% is leverage: the company controls $5,800M of assets on $1,900M of its owners' money.

Result: 4.8%, against an ROE of 14.5%

Reading the two together is the point. ROA says how good the business is; the distance to ROE says how much borrowing is amplifying it.

The figures in this example are illustrative and rounded — they are not a real company. The real figures on this site are the live ones below and on every asset page, each carrying the filing it came from.

Why it matters

What return on assets is good for

ROA answers the question ROE cannot: is this a good business, or a normal business with a lot of debt? It is the natural check on a headline ROE, and for banks — whose whole model is running assets on thin equity — it is the more meaningful of the two.

The limit

What this number does not tell you

Assets are carried at accounting values that can be decades old or freshly written up after an acquisition. Two companies with identical operations show different ROA if one grew by buying and the other by building, because the buyer's balance sheet carries goodwill the builder never recorded. ROA is also not comparable across industries at all: a bank earning 1% and a consultancy earning 20% are not on the same scale. Assets differ so much by industry that the ratio does not survive the comparison. In the most recent year, the median return on assets among the 159 utilities on this site is 2.6%, and among the 1,222 healthcare companies it is −33.9%. The materials sector shows the trap most clearly: a positive median net margin of 1.7% alongside a negative median return on assets of −3.6%, because the asset base is enormous and carried at values set long ago.

Every metric on this site is published with its blind spot stated. A figure without its limit is half a fact.

In the data

Highest reported return on assets

From the most recent fiscal year of each company.

On a real company

See it in a published filing

Their sectors

These pages show the figure across up to nineteen fiscal years, with the accounting tag and the filing behind every value.

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